The City of Lake Forest has established guidelines for backflow prevention and cross-connection control to protect the public water supply.
Lake Forest property owners are responsible for ensuring that backflow prevention devices are properly installed, tested annually, and maintained in good working order. Non-compliance with these regulations can lead to penalties, civil liabilities and the interruption of water service.
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Because backflow devices are critical to maintaining clean, safe water supplies, California State Water Districts, County Health Boards and Local Municipalities regulations mandate that only licensed and certified backflow technicians and plumbers who have the expertise, training, have the legal authority to perform repairs or replacements in compliance with regulations and with the necessary quality control to protect the public water system.
Failing to comply with the regulations may result in fines or suspension of water service. It is important for Lake Forest homeowners and businesses to stay up-to-date with local regulations and to ensure that their backflow devices are tested annually by a certified tester.
The City of Lake Forest, in collaboration with the El Toro Water District (ETWD), enforces a Cross-Connection Control and Backflow Prevention Program to protect its potable water supply from contamination due to backflow incidents.
This program complies with the California Code of Regulations, Title 17, and mandates the installation and maintenance of approved backflow prevention assemblies (BPAs) at service connections where potential hazards are identified.
Lake Forest property owners are responsible for ensuring that backflow prevention devices are installed properly and meet local and state regulations. Backflow prevention devices must be installed following Plumbing and Building Code as well as California's State Building Standards.
Lake Forest property owners must also hire a certified backflow tester to perform annual tests on their devices. All backflow prevention devices must be tested annually by a certified backflow prevention tester to ensure that they are working correctly. Only individuals with a valid Certified Backflow Prevention Device Tester (C.B.P.D.T.) certification can conduct these tests.
Aslo, backflow test results must be submitted to the El Toro Water District (ETWD). If the test results are not submitted on time, a penalty fee may be charged, and water service may be temporarily suspended.
Backflow device maintenance is also an important element of Lake Forest property owner's responsibilities. Homeowners and businesses are required to keep backflow prevention devices in good working order. If a backflow device fails the test, it must be repaired or replaced immediately.
Once repairs are made, the device must be retested and the new results submitted to the City of Lake Forest's El Toro Water District (ETWD). Backflow prevention devices that are beyond repair or obsolete may need to be completely replaced.
Failing to comply with the City of Lake Forest backflow regulations may result in fines or suspension of water service. It is important for property owners to stay up-to-date with local regulations and to ensure that their backflow devices are tested annually by a certified tester.
The City of Lake Forest enforces backflow prevention regulations to protect its public water supply from contamination. These regulations aim to prevent backflow, the unwanted reverse flow of water that can introduce pollutants or contaminants into the potable water system by implementing:
- Backflow Prevention: To prevent the reverse flow of water that could introduce pollutants or contaminants into the public water system.
- Cross-Connection Control: To eliminate or safeguard against connections between potable and non-potable water systems, ensuring the safety of drinking water.
Lake Forest requires the installation of approved backflow prevention devices at locations where there is a potential risk of contamination. These devices must be installed at or near the property line or immediately outside the building being served, before the first branch line leading off of the service line.
Lake Forest's water system is managed by the El Toro Water District (ETWD), which enforces backflow prevention measures in accordance with:
- Lake Forest Municipal Code: Outlines the requirements for building regulations, including backflow prevention.
- Title 17, California Code of Regulations: Defines cross-connection control program responsibilities for public water systems.
Lake Forest regulations require the installation of approved backflow prevention assemblies (BPAs) to protect the water supply. Backflow prevention assemblies are required in various scenarios, including:
- Lake Forest Property Irrigation Systems: To prevent contaminants from entering the potable water supply through irrigation lines.
- Lake Forest Commercial and Industrial Properties: Facilities with potential cross-connections, such as those involving chemicals or pressurized systems, are required to install appropriate backflow prevention assemblies.
- Lake Forest Property Fire Protection Systems: To prevent stagnant water from fire suppression systems from flowing back into the drinking water supply.
- Lake Forest Property Auxiliary Water Sources: Properties with alternative water sources like wells or cisterns must install backflow prevention devices to prevent cross-contamination.
Property owners are responsible for installing backflow prevention assemblies as required by the El Toro Water District (ETWD) or or OCHCA. Installations must adhere to the city's standards, including specific device types and installation procedures.
Failure to install the required backflow prevention assemblies in compliance with Lake Forest regulations and requirements may result in the discontinuation of water service until compliance is achieved.
To ensure the continued effectiveness of backflow prevention assemblies, the following backflow testing and maintenance protocols are required in Lake Forest:
- Annual Backflow Testing: Backflow prevention assemblies must be tested at least annually to ensure proper operation.
- Post-Installation or Repair Backflow Testing: Any new installation, relocation, or repair of a backflow device requires immediate testing to confirm correct operation.
- Backflow Test Record Keeping: Test results must be submitted to the appropriate regulatory agency to maintain compliance records.
- Lake Forest Certified Backflow Testers: Tests must be conducted by individuals certified by recognized organizations, such as the American Water Works Association (AWWA) California-Nevada Section or the Orange County Health Care Agency.
- Approved Backflow Devices: Only backflow prevention assemblies listed by recognized testing agencies are permitted. The USC-FCCCHR provides a comprehensive list of approved devices.
Failure to conduct required backflow testing for Lake Forest properties may lead to water service termination until the device is tested and found compliant.
The City of Lake Forest requires the installation of specific backflow prevention devices based on the level of hazard associated with the water use:
- Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow Prevention Device (RP): Required for all non-residential connections to protect against high hazards.
- Double Check Valve Assembly (DC): Required for all non-residential fire suppression system connections, upgrades, and new installations.
- Air Gap Separation (AG): May be approved as a higher level of protection upon prior written approval from the City.These devices must be approved by the City and installed in accordance with the California Administrative Code Title 17, Section 7603.
These backflow devices must be installed immediately downstream of the water meter and must be approved by recognized testing agencies. The University of Southern California’s Foundation for Cross-Connection Control and Hydraulic Research (USC-FCCCHR) provides a comprehensive list of approved devices.
The appropriate device is determined based on the degree of hazard present at the property.
Proper testing and maintenance of backflow devices are essential for compliance with local regulations and for safeguarding community health.
The City of Lake Forest has the following requirements for testing, certification, and documentation of backflow prevention assemblies:
- Annual Backflow Testing: Backflow prevention assemblies must be tested at least annually to ensure proper operation.
- Certified Backflow Testers: Tests must be conducted by individuals certified by recognized organizations, such as the American Water Works Association (AWWA) California-Nevada Section or the Orange County Health Care Agency.
- Backflow Documentation: Test results should be submitted to the appropriate city department or agency overseeing water quality.
- Failure to Test: Failure to conduct required testing may lead to water service termination until the device is tested and found compliant.
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Lake Forest property owners are responsible for ensuring that backflow prevention devices are properly installed, tested annually, and maintained in good working order. Non-compliance with the following regulations can lead to penalties, including the interruption of water service:
- Install City-approved backflow devices when directed by the City.
- Arrange for annual backflow testing and maintain detailed records of compliance.
- Promptly address device failures or test result deficiencies.
- Allow site access for inspections and water system evaluations.
- Understand that non-compliance may result in disconnection of water services or fines.
The City of Lake Forest conducts thorough cross-connection inspections to monitor potential risks in both residential and commercial settings. These inspections are essential for maintaining water safety and preventing the backflow of contaminants into the public supply.
Below are the backflow inspection and installation guidelines for the City of Lake Forest:
Purpose of Inspections:
- Identify existing or potential cross-connections.
- Confirm that proper backflow prevention assemblies are installed.
- Evaluate whether device types match the hazard level.
- Enforce compliance where violations exist.
When Inspections Occur:
- During new construction, remodeling, or plumbing system upgrades.
- When a new service connection is initiated for commercial or industrial properties.
- Periodically, based on a property's risk profile or device testing history.
- In response to complaints or observed irregularities in water system behavior.
Inspection Process:
1. Advance Notice: Property owners are informed by the City before the inspection.
2. Onsite Visit: A certified Cross-Connection Specialist inspects the plumbing and device setup.
3. Hazard Assessment: The inspector evaluates system complexity and potential contamination risks.
4. Reporting: A written inspection report is issued with required actions or corrections.
5. Follow-Up: Re-inspections are scheduled for any deficiencies or outstanding issues.
Consequences for Non-Compliance:
- Water service may be suspended or disconnected.
- Re-inspection or administrative fees may be applied.
- Continued violations may result in legal penalties per the city code.
The City of Lake Forest implements strict Cross-Connection Control and Backflow Prevention regulations enforced by El Toro Water District (ETWD) which require that all backflow prevention devices must be tested annually to ensure they are functioning properly. Tests must be conducted by a certified backflow prevention tester.
- Testing Fees: Determined by the private certified tester. These fees are separate from any City administrative or permit charges.
- Re-inspection or Reconnection Fees: May apply if devices fail, are overdue for testing, or service is disconnected due to non-compliance.
The City of Lake Forest's cross-connection and backflow regulations are built upon a combination of local municipal code, state plumbing regulations, and county public health enforcement. These include:
- Lake Forest Municipal Code – Title 15, Chapter 15.14: Outlines the requirements for stormwater quality management, including provisions related to backflow prevention.
- California Plumbing Code (Title 24, Part 5 of the California Code of Regulations): Dictates backflow device installation, hazard classification, and device specifications.
- Title 17, California Code of Regulations: Defines cross-connection control program responsibilities for public water systems.
- USC Foundation for Cross-Connection Control: The City relies on USC’s list of approved backflow prevention assemblies and testing protocols.
- AWWA Manual M14: Referenced for installation practices, hazard assessments, and maintenance recommendations.
For more information or assistance, Lake Forest property owners can contact:
El Toro Water District (ETWD)
- Phone: (949) 837-7050
- Website: Lake Forest Annual Backflow Testing
For further guidance or assistance with backflow prevention compliance, contact the City of Lake Forest's El Toro Water District (ETWD) for resources and support.
Here is an outline of special circumstances pertaining to backflow assembly installation, testing and repair which require special attention:
- Emergency Backflow Events: In the event of a suspected backflow or contamination issue, property owners should immediately contact the Public Works Department for assistance.
- Irrigation Systems: Properties with irrigation systems are required to have backflow prevention devices to prevent contamination from fertilizers or pesticides.
- Multi-Family and Commercial Properties: These properties may have more complex water systems and could be subject to more frequent inspections and advanced backflow prevention requirements.
Lake Forest, located in the heart of South Orange County, is a modern, master-planned city known for its scenic environment, family-friendly neighborhoods, and commitment to balanced growth and innovation. With a population of approximately 88,000, Lake Forest offers a high quality of life through its integration of natural landscapes, vibrant residential communities, and a growing economic and civic infrastructure.
Incorporated in 1991, Lake Forest unified the pre-existing communities of El Toro and Foothill Ranch, combining suburban development with preserved open space and rolling foothills. Its name reflects the city’s two man-made lakes and surrounding tree-lined neighborhoods—features that contribute to the area’s aesthetic appeal and outdoor lifestyle. The city’s master-planned layout ensures cohesive development and easy access to amenities, making Lake Forest a model of suburban planning in Southern California.
Lake Forest is distinguished by its abundant green spaces and recreational assets. Whiting Ranch Wilderness Park, which borders the northeastern edge of the city, offers over 2,500 acres of canyons, oak woodlands, and 17 miles of hiking and mountain biking trails. Closer to residential areas, parks like Lake Forest Sports Park, Heritage Hill Historic Park, and Pittsford Park provide fields, playgrounds, picnic areas, and event venues. The city’s extensive park system and emphasis on active living make it a haven for outdoor enthusiasts and families alike.
Residential neighborhoods in Lake Forest range from quiet, established communities such as Serrano Park and Sun & Sail Club to newer developments in Baker Ranch, Portola Hills, and Foothill Ranch—each offering a blend of single-family homes, townhouses, and master-planned amenities. These communities are characterized by their clean design, access to trails and parks, and proximity to quality schools and shopping centers.
Education is a key focus in Lake Forest. The city is served by the Saddleback Valley Unified School District (SVUSD) and Irvine Unified School District (IUSD) in select areas. Top-rated schools such as El Toro High School, Trabuco Hills High School, and Foothill Ranch Elementary are known for academic excellence, arts programs, and athletic achievement. Nearby higher education institutions—including Saddleback College, Concordia University, and University of California, Irvine—offer residents access to university-level education and professional training.
Lake Forest is also an emerging center for business and innovation in Orange County. The city’s Opportunities Study Area, a 900-acre redevelopment zone, has attracted major commercial and industrial investment. Business parks in Foothill Ranch and along Lake Forest Drive are home to high-tech firms, medical device manufacturers, logistics companies, and corporate headquarters such as Panasonic Avionics, Oakley, Del Taco, and Apria Healthcare. The city actively supports economic development with incentives, infrastructure improvements, and business outreach through the Lake Forest Chamber of Commerce.
Retail and entertainment options are centered in thriving commercial corridors like The Orchard, Foothill Towne Centre, El Toro Road, and the recently redeveloped Lake Forest Gateway and Ironwood Plaza. These centers offer a mix of national retailers, local shops, restaurants, fitness studios, and services that cater to the city's diverse and active population.
Civic services are anchored at Lake Forest City Hall, which houses administrative offices, community development services, and the city council chambers. Public safety is provided through partnerships with the Orange County Sheriff’s Department and Orange County Fire Authority. The city also emphasizes community engagement through regular events, such as Summer Concerts in the Park, Movies in the Park, Fourth of July Parade, and the popular Etnies Skatepark events—a nod to the city’s youth and action-sports culture.
Lake Forest’s commitment to sustainability and long-term livability is reflected in its planning priorities. The city has implemented policies promoting water conservation, energy efficiency, and smart development practices, particularly in hillside and open space areas. Trail systems, tree preservation, and green building standards all play a role in the city’s vision for environmentally responsible growth.
With convenient access to major transportation corridors—including Interstate 5, State Routes 241 and 133, and the nearby Metrolink station in Irvine—Lake Forest is well-connected to regional job centers and coastal amenities, while offering the peace and safety of suburban life. Its location between the Saddleback Mountains and the Pacific Ocean provides not only beautiful views but also a temperate climate year-round.
Municipal Office Contact Info:
Lake Forest City Hall
Address: 100 Civic Center Drive
Lake Forest, CA 92630
Phone: (949) 461-3400
